# numpy.random.RandomState.gamma

method

random.RandomState.gamma(shape, scale=1.0, size=None)

  Draw samples from a Gamma distribution.

  Samples are drawn from a Gamma distribution with specified parameters, `shape` (sometimes designated “k”) and scale (sometimes designated “theta”), where both parameters are > 0.

  Note

  New code should use the `gamma` method of a `default_rng()` instance instead; please see the Quick Start.

  Parameters
    shape float or array_like of floats

      The shape of the gamma distribution. Must be non-negative.

    scale float or array_like of floats, optional

      The scale of the gamma distribution. Must be non-negative. Default is equal to 1.

    size int or tuple of ints, optional

      Output shape. If the given shape is, e.g., `(m, n, k)`, then `m * n * k` samples are drawn. If size is `None` (default), a single value is returned if `shape` and `scale` are both scalars. Otherwise, `np.broadcast(shape, scale).size` samples are drawn.

  Returns
    out ndarray or scalar

      Drawn samples from the parameterized gamma distribution.

  See also

  `scipy.stats.gamma`

    probability density function, distribution or cumulative density function, etc.

  `random.Generator.gamma`

    which should be used for new code.

  Notes

  The probability density for the Gamma distribution is

  \[p(x) = x^{k-1}\frac{e^{-x/\theta}}{\theta^k\Gamma(k)},\]

  where \(k\) is the shape and \(\theta\) the scale, and \(\Gamma\) is the Gamma function.

  The Gamma distribution is often used to model the times to failure of electronic components, and arises naturally in processes for which the waiting times between Poisson distributed events are relevant.

  References

  1

    Weisstein, Eric W. “Gamma Distribution.” From MathWorld–A Wolfram Web Resource. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/GammaDistribution.html

  2

    Wikipedia, “Gamma distribution”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_distribution

  Examples

  Draw samples from the distribution:

      >>> shape, scale = 2., 2.  # mean=4, std=2*sqrt(2)
      >>> s = np.random.gamma(shape, scale, 1000)

  Display the histogram of the samples, along with the probability density function:

      >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
      >>> import scipy.special as sps
      >>> count, bins, ignored = plt.hist(s, 50, density=True)
      >>> y = bins**(shape-1)*(np.exp(-bins/scale) /
      ...                      (sps.gamma(shape)*scale**shape))
      >>> plt.plot(bins, y, linewidth=2, color='r')
      >>> plt.show()

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