# scipy.signal.bilinear

scipy.signal.bilinear(b, a, fs=1.0)

  Return a digital IIR filter from an analog one using a bilinear transform.

  Transform a set of poles and zeros from the analog s-plane to the digital z-plane using Tustin’s method, which substitutes `(z-1) / (z+1)` for `s`, maintaining the shape of the frequency response.

  Parameters
    b array_like

      Numerator of the analog filter transfer function.

    a array_like

      Denominator of the analog filter transfer function.

    fs float

      Sample rate, as ordinary frequency (e.g., hertz). No prewarping is done in this function.

  Returns
    z ndarray

      Numerator of the transformed digital filter transfer function.

    p ndarray

      Denominator of the transformed digital filter transfer function.

  See also

  `lp2lp`, `lp2hp`, `lp2bp`, `lp2bs`
  `bilinear_zpk`

  Examples

      >>> from scipy import signal
      >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

      >>> fs = 100
      >>> bf = 2 * np.pi * np.array([7, 13])
      >>> filts = signal.lti(*signal.butter(4, bf, btype='bandpass',
      ...                                   analog=True))
      >>> filtz = signal.lti(*signal.bilinear(filts.num, filts.den, fs))
      >>> wz, hz = signal.freqz(filtz.num, filtz.den)
      >>> ws, hs = signal.freqs(filts.num, filts.den, worN=fs*wz)

      >>> plt.semilogx(wz*fs/(2*np.pi), 20*np.log10(np.abs(hz).clip(1e-15)),
      ...              label=r'$|H_z(e^{j \omega})|$')
      >>> plt.semilogx(wz*fs/(2*np.pi), 20*np.log10(np.abs(hs).clip(1e-15)),
      ...              label=r'$|H(j \omega)|$')
      >>> plt.legend()
      >>> plt.xlabel('Frequency [Hz]')
      >>> plt.ylabel('Magnitude [dB]')
      >>> plt.grid()

scipy.signal.upfirdn scipy.signal.bilinear_zpk