#include "driver.h"
#include "streams.h"
#include "sound/samples.h"
#include "includes/galaxian.h"

#define VERBOSE 0

#define NEW_LFO 0

#define XTAL		18432000

#define SOUND_CLOCK (XTAL/6/2)			/* 1.536 MHz */

#define RNG_RATE	(XTAL/3)			/* RNG clock is XTAL/3 */
#define NOISE_RATE	(XTAL/3/192/2/2)	/* 2V = 8kHz */
#define NOISE_LENGTH (NOISE_RATE*4) 	/* four seconds of noise */

#define SHOOT_RATE 2672
#define SHOOT_LENGTH 13000

#define TOOTHSAW_LENGTH 16
#define TOOTHSAW_VOLUME 0.36f
#define STEPS 16
#define LFO_VOLUME 0.06f
#define SHOOT_VOLUME 0.50f
#define NOISE_VOLUME 0.50f
#define NOISE_AMPLITUDE (70*256)
#define TOOTHSAW_AMPLITUDE (64*256)

/* see comments in galaxian_sh_update() */
#define MINFREQ (139-139/3)
#define MAXFREQ (139+139/3)

#define LOG(x) do { if (VERBOSE) logerror x; } while (0)

static emu_timer *lfotimer = NULL;
static INT32 freq;

#define STEP 1

static INT32 noise_enable;
static INT32 noisevolume;
static INT16 *noisewave;
static INT16 *shootwave;
static INT32 shoot_length;
static INT32 shoot_rate;

static UINT8 last_port2=0;

static INT16 tonewave[4][TOOTHSAW_LENGTH];
static INT32 pitch,vol;

static INT32 counter, countdown;
static INT32 lfobit[4];

static const INT16 backgroundwave[32] =
{
   0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000,
   0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000,
  -0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,
  -0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,
};

#define CHANNEL_NOISE	0
#define CHANNEL_SHOOT	1
#define CHANNEL_LFO		2
static sound_stream * tone_stream;
static emu_timer *noisetimer;

static TIMER_CALLBACK( lfo_timer_cb );
static TIMER_CALLBACK( galaxian_sh_update );

static STREAM_UPDATE( tone_update )
{
	stream_sample_t *buffer = outputs[0];
	int i,j;
	INT16 *w = tonewave[vol];

	/* only update if we have non-zero volume and frequency */
	if( pitch != 0xff )
	{
		for (i = 0; i < samples; i++)
		{
			int mix = 0;

			for (j = 0;j < STEPS;j++)
			{
				if (countdown >= 256)
				{
					counter = (counter + 1) % TOOTHSAW_LENGTH;
					countdown = pitch;
				}
				countdown++;

				mix += w[counter];
			}
			*buffer++ = mix / STEPS;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		for( i = 0; i < samples; i++ )
			*buffer++ = 0;
	}
}

WRITE8_HANDLER( galaxian_sound_w )
{
	data &= 0x01;
	switch (offset & 7)
	{
		case 0:		/* FS1 (controls 555 timer at 8R) */
		case 1:		/* FS2 (controls 555 timer at 8S) */
		case 2:		/* FS3 (controls 555 timer at 8T) */
			galaxian_background_enable_w(space, offset, data);
			break;

		case 3:		/* HIT */
			galaxian_noise_enable_w(space, 0, data);
			break;

		case 4:		/* n/c */
			break;

		case 5:		/* FIRE */
			galaxian_shoot_enable_w(space, 0, data);
			break;

		case 6:		/* VOL1 */
		case 7:		/* VOL2 */
			galaxian_vol_w(space, offset & 1, data);
			break;
	}
}


WRITE8_HANDLER( galaxian_pitch_w )
{
	stream_update(tone_stream);

	pitch = data;
}

WRITE8_HANDLER( galaxian_vol_w )
{
	stream_update(tone_stream);

	/* offset 0 = bit 0, offset 1 = bit 1 */
	vol = (vol & ~(1 << offset)) | ((data & 1) << offset);
}


static TIMER_CALLBACK( noise_timer_cb )
{
	if( !noise_enable && noisevolume > 0 )
	{
		const device_config *samples = devtag_get_device(machine, "samples");
		noisevolume -= (noisevolume / 10) + 1;
		sample_set_volume(samples, CHANNEL_NOISE,noisevolume / 100.0);
	}
}

WRITE8_HANDLER( galaxian_noise_enable_w )
{
	noise_enable = data & 1;

	if( noise_enable )
	{
		const device_config *samples = devtag_get_device(space->machine, "samples");
		noisevolume = 100;
		sample_set_volume(samples, CHANNEL_NOISE,noisevolume / 100.0);
	}
}

WRITE8_HANDLER( galaxian_shoot_enable_w )
{
	if( data & 1 && !(last_port2 & 1) )
	{
		const device_config *samples = devtag_get_device(space->machine, "samples");
		sample_start_raw(samples, CHANNEL_SHOOT, shootwave, shoot_length, shoot_rate, 0);
		sample_set_volume(samples, CHANNEL_SHOOT,SHOOT_VOLUME);
	}
	last_port2=data;
}


static SAMPLES_START( galaxian_sh_start )
{
	running_machine *machine = device->machine;
	int i, j, sweep, charge, countdown, generator, bit1, bit2;

	freq = MAXFREQ;

	sample_set_volume(device, CHANNEL_NOISE, NOISE_VOLUME);
	sample_set_volume(device, CHANNEL_SHOOT, SHOOT_VOLUME);
	sample_set_volume(device, CHANNEL_LFO+0, LFO_VOLUME);
	sample_set_volume(device, CHANNEL_LFO+1, LFO_VOLUME);
	sample_set_volume(device, CHANNEL_LFO+2, LFO_VOLUME);

	noisewave = auto_alloc_array(machine, INT16, NOISE_LENGTH);

#define SHOOT_SEC 2
	shoot_rate = machine->sample_rate;
	shoot_length = SHOOT_SEC * shoot_rate;
	shootwave = auto_alloc_array(machine, INT16, shoot_length);

	/*
     * The RNG shifter is clocked with RNG_RATE, bit 17 is
     * latched every 2V cycles (every 2nd scanline).
     * This signal is used as a noise source.
     */
	generator = 0;
	countdown = NOISE_RATE / 2;
	for( i = 0; i < NOISE_LENGTH; i++ )
	{
		countdown -= RNG_RATE;
		while( countdown < 0 )
		{
			generator <<= 1;
			bit1 = (~generator >> 17) & 1;
			bit2 = (generator >> 5) & 1;
			if (bit1 ^ bit2) generator |= 1;
			countdown += NOISE_RATE;
		}
		noisewave[i] = ((generator >> 17) & 1) ? NOISE_AMPLITUDE : -NOISE_AMPLITUDE;
	}

	/* dummy */
	sweep = 100;
	charge = +2;
	j=0;
	{
#define R41__ 100000
#define R44__ 10000
#define R45__ 22000
#define R46__ 10000
#define R47__ 2200
#define R48__ 2200
#define C25__ 0.000001
#define C27__ 0.00000001
#define C28__ 0.000047
#define C29__ 0.00000001
#define IC8L3_L 0.2   /* 7400 L level */
#define IC8L3_H 4.5   /* 7400 H level */
#define NOISE_L 0.2   /* 7474 L level */
#define NOISE_H 4.5   /* 7474 H level */
/*
    key on/off time is programmable
    Therefore,  it is necessary to make separate sample with key on/off.
    And,  calculate the playback point according to the voltage of c28.
*/
#define SHOOT_KEYON_TIME 0.1  /* second */
/*
    NE555-FM input calculation is wrong.
    The frequency is not proportional to the voltage of FM input.
    And,  duty will be changed,too.
*/
#define NE555_FM_ADJUST_RATE 0.80
		/* discharge : 100K * 1uF */
		double v  = 5.0;
		double vK = (shoot_rate) ? exp(-1 / (R41__*C25__) / shoot_rate) : 0;
		/* -- SHOOT KEY port -- */
		double IC8L3 = IC8L3_L; /* key on */
		int IC8Lcnt = SHOOT_KEYON_TIME * shoot_rate; /* count for key off */
		/* C28 : KEY port capacity */
		/*       connection : 8L-3 - R47(2.2K) - C28(47u) - R48(2.2K) - C29 */
		double c28v = IC8L3_H - (IC8L3_H-(NOISE_H+NOISE_L)/2)/(R46__+R47__+R48__)*R47__;
		double c28K = (shoot_rate) ? exp(-1 / (22000 * 0.000047 ) / shoot_rate) : 0;
		/* C29 : NOISE capacity */
		/*       connection : NOISE - R46(10K) - C29(0.1u) - R48(2.2K) - C28 */
		double c29v  = IC8L3_H - (IC8L3_H-(NOISE_H+NOISE_L)/2)/(R46__+R47__+R48__)*(R47__+R48__);
		double c29K1 = (shoot_rate) ? exp(-1 / (22000  * 0.00000001 ) / shoot_rate) : 0; /* form C28   */
		double c29K2 = (shoot_rate) ? exp(-1 / (100000 * 0.00000001 ) / shoot_rate) : 0; /* from noise */
		/* NE555 timer */
		/* RA = 10K , RB = 22K , C=.01u ,FM = C29 */
		double ne555cnt = 0;
		double ne555step = (shoot_rate) ? ((1.44/((R44__+R45__*2)*C27__)) / shoot_rate) : 0;
		double ne555duty = (double)(R44__+R45__)/(R44__+R45__*2); /* t1 duty */
		double ne555sr;		/* threshold (FM) rate */
		/* NOISE source */
		double ncnt  = 0.0;
		double nstep = (shoot_rate) ? ((double)NOISE_RATE / shoot_rate) : 0;
		double noise_sh2; /* voltage level */

		for( i = 0; i < shoot_length; i++ )
		{
			/* noise port */
			noise_sh2 = noisewave[(int)ncnt % NOISE_LENGTH] == NOISE_AMPLITUDE ? NOISE_H : NOISE_L;
			ncnt+=nstep;
			/* calculate NE555 threshold level by FM input */
			ne555sr = c29v*NE555_FM_ADJUST_RATE / (5.0*2/3);
			/* calc output */
			ne555cnt += ne555step;
			if( ne555cnt >= ne555sr) ne555cnt -= ne555sr;
			if( ne555cnt < ne555sr*ne555duty )
			{
				 /* t1 time */
				shootwave[i] = v/5*0x7fff;
				/* discharge output level */
				if(IC8L3==IC8L3_H)
					v *= vK;
			}
			else
				shootwave[i] = 0;
			/* C28 charge/discharge */
			c28v += (IC8L3-c28v) - (IC8L3-c28v)*c28K;	/* from R47 */
			c28v += (c29v-c28v) - (c29v-c28v)*c28K;		/* from R48 */
			/* C29 charge/discharge */
			c29v += (c28v-c29v) - (c28v-c29v)*c29K1;	/* from R48 */
			c29v += (noise_sh2-c29v) - (noise_sh2-c29v)*c29K2;	/* from R46 */
			/* key off */
			if(IC8L3==IC8L3_L && --IC8Lcnt==0)
				IC8L3=IC8L3_H;
		}
	}

	memset(tonewave, 0, sizeof(tonewave));

	for( i = 0; i < TOOTHSAW_LENGTH; i++ )
	{
		#define V(r0,r1) 2*TOOTHSAW_AMPLITUDE*(r0)/(r0+r1)-TOOTHSAW_AMPLITUDE
		double r0a = 1.0/1e12, r1a = 1.0/1e12;
		double r0b = 1.0/1e12, r1b = 1.0/1e12;

		/* #0: VOL1=0 and VOL2=0
         * only the 33k and the 22k resistors R51 and R50
         */
		if( i & 1 )
		{
			r1a += 1.0/33000;
			r1b += 1.0/33000;
		}
		else
		{
			r0a += 1.0/33000;
			r0b += 1.0/33000;
		}
		if( i & 4 )
		{
			r1a += 1.0/22000;
			r1b += 1.0/22000;
		}
		else
		{
			r0a += 1.0/22000;
			r0b += 1.0/22000;
		}
		tonewave[0][i] = V(1.0/r0a, 1.0/r1a);

		/* #1: VOL1=1 and VOL2=0
         * add the 10k resistor R49 for bit QC
         */
		if( i & 4 )
			r1a += 1.0/10000;
		else
			r0a += 1.0/10000;
		tonewave[1][i] = V(1.0/r0a, 1.0/r1a);

		/* #2: VOL1=0 and VOL2=1
         * add the 15k resistor R52 for bit QD
         */
		if( i & 8 )
			r1b += 1.0/15000;
		else
			r0b += 1.0/15000;
		tonewave[2][i] = V(1.0/r0b, 1.0/r1b);

		/* #3: VOL1=1 and VOL2=1
         * add the 10k resistor R49 for QC
         */
		if( i & 4 )
			r0b += 1.0/10000;
		else
			r1b += 1.0/10000;
		tonewave[3][i] = V(1.0/r0b, 1.0/r1b);
		LOG(("tone[%2d]: $%02x $%02x $%02x $%02x\n", i, tonewave[0][i], tonewave[1][i], tonewave[2][i], tonewave[3][i]));
	}

	pitch = 0xff;
	vol = 0;

	tone_stream = stream_create(device,0,1,SOUND_CLOCK/STEPS,NULL,tone_update);
	stream_set_output_gain(tone_stream, 0, TOOTHSAW_VOLUME);

	sample_set_volume(device, CHANNEL_NOISE,0);
	sample_start_raw(device, CHANNEL_NOISE,noisewave,NOISE_LENGTH,NOISE_RATE,1);

	sample_set_volume(device, CHANNEL_SHOOT,0);
	sample_start_raw(device, CHANNEL_SHOOT,shootwave,SHOOT_LENGTH,SHOOT_RATE,1);

	sample_set_volume(device, CHANNEL_LFO+0,0);
	sample_start_raw(device, CHANNEL_LFO+0,backgroundwave,ARRAY_LENGTH(backgroundwave),1000,1);
	sample_set_volume(device, CHANNEL_LFO+1,0);
	sample_start_raw(device, CHANNEL_LFO+1,backgroundwave,ARRAY_LENGTH(backgroundwave),1000,1);
	sample_set_volume(device, CHANNEL_LFO+2,0);
	sample_start_raw(device, CHANNEL_LFO+2,backgroundwave,ARRAY_LENGTH(backgroundwave),1000,1);

	noisetimer = timer_alloc(machine, noise_timer_cb, NULL);
	timer_adjust_periodic(noisetimer, ATTOTIME_IN_NSEC((155000+22000)/100*693*22), 0, ATTOTIME_IN_NSEC((155000+22000)/100*693*22));

	lfotimer = timer_alloc(machine, lfo_timer_cb, NULL);

	timer_pulse(machine, video_screen_get_frame_period(machine->primary_screen), NULL, 0, galaxian_sh_update);

	state_save_register_global(machine, freq);
	state_save_register_global(machine, noise_enable);
	state_save_register_global(machine, noisevolume);
	state_save_register_global(machine, last_port2);
	state_save_register_global(machine, pitch);
	state_save_register_global(machine, vol);
	state_save_register_global(machine, counter);
	state_save_register_global(machine, countdown);
	state_save_register_global_array(machine, lfobit);
}



WRITE8_HANDLER( galaxian_background_enable_w )
{
	const device_config *samples = devtag_get_device(space->machine, "samples");
	sample_set_volume(samples, CHANNEL_LFO+offset,(data & 1) ? LFO_VOLUME : 0);
}

static TIMER_CALLBACK( lfo_timer_cb )
{
	if( freq > MINFREQ )
		freq--;
	else
		freq = MAXFREQ;
}

WRITE8_HANDLER( galaxian_lfo_freq_w )
{
#if NEW_LFO
	/* R18 1M,R17 470K,R16 220K,R15 100K */
	static const int rv[4] = { 1000000,470000,220000,100000};
	double r1,r2,Re,td;
	int i;

	if( (data & 1) == lfobit[offset] )
		return;

	/*
     * NE555 9R is setup as astable multivibrator
     * - this circuit looks LINEAR RAMP V-F converter
       I  = 1/Re * ( R1/(R1+R2)-Vbe)
       td = (2/3VCC*Re*(R1+R2)*C) / (R1*VCC-Vbe*(R1+R2))
      parts assign
       R1  : (R15* L1)|(R16* L2)|(R17* L3)|(R18* L1)
       R2  : (R15*~L1)|(R16*~L2)|(R17*~L3)|(R18*~L4)|R??(330K)
       Re  : R21(100K)
       Vbe : Q2(2SA1015)-Vbe
     * - R20(15K) and Q1 is unknown,maybe current booster.
    */

	lfobit[offset] = data & 1;

	/* R20 15K */
	r1 = 1e12;
	/* R19? 330k to gnd */
	r2 = 330000;
	//r1 = 15000;
	/* R21 100K */
	Re = 100000;
	/* register calculation */
	for(i=0;i<4;i++)
	{
		if(lfobit[i])
			r1 = (r1*rv[i])/(r1+rv[i]); /* Hi  */
		else
			r2 = (r2*rv[i])/(r2+rv[i]); /* Low */
	}

#define Vcc 5.0
#define Vbe 0.65		/* 2SA1015 */
#define Cap 0.000001	/* C15 1uF */
	td = (Vcc*2/3*Re*(r1+r2)*Cap) / (r1*Vcc - Vbe*(r1+r2) );
#undef Cap
#undef Vbe
#undef Vcc
	logerror("lfo timer bits:%d%d%d%d r1:%d, r2:%d, re: %d, td: %9.2fsec\n", lfobit[0], lfobit[1], lfobit[2], lfobit[3], (int)r1, (int)r2, (int)Re, td);
	timer_adjust_periodic(lfotimer, attotime_make(0, ATTOSECONDS_PER_SECOND / (MAXFREQ-MINFREQ) * td), 0, attotime_make(0, ATTOSECONDS_PER_SECOND / (MAXFREQ-MINFREQ) * td));
#else
	double r0, r1, rx = 100000.0;

	if( (data & 1) == lfobit[offset] )
		return;

	/*
     * NE555 9R is setup as astable multivibrator
     * - Ra is between 100k and ??? (open?)
     * - Rb is zero here (bridge between pins 6 and 7)
     * - C is 1uF
     * charge time t1 = 0.693 * (Ra + Rb) * C
     * discharge time t2 = 0.693 * (Rb) *  C
     * period T = t1 + t2 = 0.693 * (Ra + 2 * Rb) * C
     * -> min period: 0.693 * 100 kOhm * 1uF -> 69300 us = 14.4Hz
     * -> max period: no idea, since I don't know the max. value for Ra :(
     */

	lfobit[offset] = data & 1;

	/* R?? 330k to gnd */
	r0 = 1.0/330000;
	/* open is a very high value really ;-) */
	r1 = 1.0/1e12;

	/* R18 1M */
	if( lfobit[0] )
		r1 += 1.0/1000000;
	else
		r0 += 1.0/1000000;

	/* R17 470k */
	if( lfobit[1] )
		r1 += 1.0/470000;
	else
		r0 += 1.0/470000;

	/* R16 220k */
	if( lfobit[2] )
		r1 += 1.0/220000;
	else
		r0 += 1.0/220000;

	/* R15 100k */
	if( lfobit[3] )
		r1 += 1.0/100000;
	else
		r0 += 1.0/100000;

	r0 = 1.0/r0;
	r1 = 1.0/r1;

	/* I used an arbitrary value for max. Ra of 2M */
	rx = rx + 2000000.0 * r0 / (r0+r1);

	LOG(("lfotimer bits:%d%d%d%d r0:%d, r1:%d, rx: %d, time: %9.2fus\n", lfobit[3], lfobit[2], lfobit[1], lfobit[0], (int)r0, (int)r1, (int)rx, 0.639 * rx));
	timer_adjust_periodic(lfotimer, attotime_make(0, ATTOSECONDS_PER_SECOND / 1000000000 / (MAXFREQ-MINFREQ) * 639 * rx), 0, attotime_make(0, ATTOSECONDS_PER_SECOND / 1000000000 / (MAXFREQ-MINFREQ) * 639 * rx));
#endif
}

static TIMER_CALLBACK( galaxian_sh_update )
{
	const device_config *samples = devtag_get_device(machine, "samples");

	/*
     * NE555 8R, 8S and 8T are used as pulse position modulators
     * FS1 Ra=100k, Rb=470k and C=0.01uF
     *  -> 0.693 * 1040k * 0.01uF -> 7207.2us = 139Hz
     * FS2 Ra=100k, Rb=330k and C=0.01uF
     *  -> 0.693 * 760k * 0.01uF -> 5266.8us = 190Hz
     * FS2 Ra=100k, Rb=220k and C=0.01uF
     *  -> 0.693 * 540k * 0.01uF -> 3742.2us = 267Hz
     */

	sample_set_freq(samples, CHANNEL_LFO+0, sizeof(backgroundwave)*freq*(100+2*470)/(100+2*470) );
	sample_set_freq(samples, CHANNEL_LFO+1, sizeof(backgroundwave)*freq*(100+2*330)/(100+2*470) );
	sample_set_freq(samples, CHANNEL_LFO+2, sizeof(backgroundwave)*freq*(100+2*220)/(100+2*470) );
}


const samples_interface galaxian_samples_interface =
{
	5,
	NULL,
	galaxian_sh_start
};

const samples_interface galaxian_custom_interface =
{
	5,
	NULL,
	galaxian_sh_start
};
